Python Graph Projection and graph mapping
Författare
Hemant Kumar, Dr. Avinash Chandra Pandey
Last Updated
för ett år sedan
Licens
LaTeX Project Public License 1.3c
Sammanfattning
A small example of Python Notebook conversion to PDF using latex
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage[breakable]{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{parskip} % Stop auto-indenting (to mimic markdown behaviour)
% Basic figure setup, for now with no caption control since it's done
% automatically by Pandoc (which extracts  syntax from Markdown).
\usepackage{graphicx}
% Maintain compatibility with old templates. Remove in nbconvert 6.0
\let\Oldincludegraphics\includegraphics
% Ensure that by default, figures have no caption (until we provide a
% proper Figure object with a Caption API and a way to capture that
% in the conversion process - todo).
\usepackage{caption}
\DeclareCaptionFormat{nocaption}{}
\captionsetup{format=nocaption,aboveskip=0pt,belowskip=0pt}
\usepackage{float}
\floatplacement{figure}{H} % forces figures to be placed at the correct location
\usepackage{xcolor} % Allow colors to be defined
\usepackage{enumerate} % Needed for markdown enumerations to work
\usepackage{geometry} % Used to adjust the document margins
\usepackage{amsmath} % Equations
\usepackage{amssymb} % Equations
\usepackage{textcomp} % defines textquotesingle
% Hack from http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/47451/13684:
\AtBeginDocument{%
\def\PYZsq{\textquotesingle}% Upright quotes in Pygmentized code
}
\usepackage{upquote} % Upright quotes for verbatim code
\usepackage{eurosym} % defines \euro
\usepackage{iftex}
\ifPDFTeX
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\IfFileExists{alphabeta.sty}{
\usepackage{alphabeta}
}{
\usepackage[mathletters]{ucs}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
}
\else
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{unicode-math}
\fi
\usepackage{fancyvrb} % verbatim replacement that allows latex
\usepackage{grffile} % extends the file name processing of package graphics
% to support a larger range
\makeatletter % fix for old versions of grffile with XeLaTeX
\@ifpackagelater{grffile}{2019/11/01}
{
% Do nothing on new versions
}
{
\def\Gread@@xetex#1{%
\IfFileExists{"\Gin@base".bb}%
{\Gread@eps{\Gin@base.bb}}%
{\Gread@@xetex@aux#1}%
}
}
\makeatother
\usepackage[Export]{adjustbox} % Used to constrain images to a maximum size
\adjustboxset{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}
% The hyperref package gives us a pdf with properly built
% internal navigation ('pdf bookmarks' for the table of contents,
% internal cross-reference links, web links for URLs, etc.)
\usepackage{hyperref}
% The default LaTeX title has an obnoxious amount of whitespace. By default,
% titling removes some of it. It also provides customization options.
\usepackage{titling}
\usepackage{longtable} % longtable support required by pandoc >1.10
\usepackage{booktabs} % table support for pandoc > 1.12.2
\usepackage{array} % table support for pandoc >= 2.11.3
\usepackage{calc} % table minipage width calculation for pandoc >= 2.11.1
\usepackage[inline]{enumitem} % IRkernel/repr support (it uses the enumerate* environment)
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % ulem is needed to support strikethroughs (\sout)
% normalem makes italics be italics, not underlines
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
% Colors for the hyperref package
\definecolor{urlcolor}{rgb}{0,.145,.698}
\definecolor{linkcolor}{rgb}{.71,0.21,0.01}
\definecolor{citecolor}{rgb}{.12,.54,.11}
% ANSI colors
\definecolor{ansi-black}{HTML}{3E424D}
\definecolor{ansi-black-intense}{HTML}{282C36}
\definecolor{ansi-red}{HTML}{E75C58}
\definecolor{ansi-red-intense}{HTML}{B22B31}
\definecolor{ansi-green}{HTML}{00A250}
\definecolor{ansi-green-intense}{HTML}{007427}
\definecolor{ansi-yellow}{HTML}{DDB62B}
\definecolor{ansi-yellow-intense}{HTML}{B27D12}
\definecolor{ansi-blue}{HTML}{208FFB}
\definecolor{ansi-blue-intense}{HTML}{0065CA}
\definecolor{ansi-magenta}{HTML}{D160C4}
\definecolor{ansi-magenta-intense}{HTML}{A03196}
\definecolor{ansi-cyan}{HTML}{60C6C8}
\definecolor{ansi-cyan-intense}{HTML}{258F8F}
\definecolor{ansi-white}{HTML}{C5C1B4}
\definecolor{ansi-white-intense}{HTML}{A1A6B2}
\definecolor{ansi-default-inverse-fg}{HTML}{FFFFFF}
\definecolor{ansi-default-inverse-bg}{HTML}{000000}
% common color for the border for error outputs.
\definecolor{outerrorbackground}{HTML}{FFDFDF}
% commands and environments needed by pandoc snippets
% extracted from the output of `pandoc -s`
\providecommand{\tightlist}{%
\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
\DefineVerbatimEnvironment{Highlighting}{Verbatim}{commandchars=\\\{\}}
% Add ',fontsize=\small' for more characters per line
\newenvironment{Shaded}{}{}
\newcommand{\KeywordTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\DataTypeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.56,0.13,0.00}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\DecValTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\BaseNTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\FloatTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.63,0.44}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\CharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\StringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\CommentTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textit{{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\OtherTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\AlertTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\FunctionTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.02,0.16,0.49}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\RegionMarkerTok}[1]{{#1}}
\newcommand{\ErrorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{1.00,0.00,0.00}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\NormalTok}[1]{{#1}}
% Additional commands for more recent versions of Pandoc
\newcommand{\ConstantTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.53,0.00,0.00}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\SpecialCharTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\VerbatimStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.25,0.44,0.63}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\SpecialStringTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.40,0.53}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\ImportTok}[1]{{#1}}
\newcommand{\DocumentationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.73,0.13,0.13}{\textit{{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\AnnotationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
\newcommand{\CommentVarTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
\newcommand{\VariableTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.10,0.09,0.49}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\ControlFlowTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.00,0.44,0.13}{\textbf{{#1}}}}
\newcommand{\OperatorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.40,0.40,0.40}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\BuiltInTok}[1]{{#1}}
\newcommand{\ExtensionTok}[1]{{#1}}
\newcommand{\PreprocessorTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.74,0.48,0.00}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\AttributeTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.49,0.56,0.16}{{#1}}}
\newcommand{\InformationTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
\newcommand{\WarningTok}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.38,0.63,0.69}{\textbf{\textit{{#1}}}}}
% Define a nice break command that doesn't care if a line doesn't already
% exist.
\def\br{\hspace*{\fill} \\* }
% Math Jax compatibility definitions
\def\gt{>}
\def\lt{<}
\let\Oldtex\TeX
\let\Oldlatex\LaTeX
\renewcommand{\TeX}{\textrm{\Oldtex}}
\renewcommand{\LaTeX}{\textrm{\Oldlatex}}
% Document parameters
% Document title
\title{Lab1}
% Pygments definitions
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\let\PY@ul=\relax \let\PY@tc=\relax%
\let\PY@bc=\relax \let\PY@ff=\relax}
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\def\PY@toks#1+{\ifx\relax#1\empty\else%
\PY@tok{#1}\expandafter\PY@toks\fi}
\def\PY@do#1{\PY@bc{\PY@tc{\PY@ul{%
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\def\PY#1#2{\PY@reset\PY@toks#1+\relax+\PY@do{#2}}
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\def\PYZam{\char`\&}
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\def\PYZpc{\char`\%}
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\def\PYZhy{\char`\-}
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% for compatibility with earlier versions
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% For linebreaks inside Verbatim environment from package fancyvrb.
\makeatletter
\newbox\Wrappedcontinuationbox
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% Take advantage of the already applied Pygments mark-up to insert
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\def\PYGZcb{\discretionary{\char`\}}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\}}}%
\def\PYGZca{\discretionary{\char`\^}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\^}}%
\def\PYGZam{\discretionary{\char`\&}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\&}}%
\def\PYGZlt{\discretionary{}{\Wrappedafterbreak\char`\<}{\char`\<}}%
\def\PYGZgt{\discretionary{\char`\>}{\Wrappedafterbreak}{\char`\>}}%
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% Some characters . , ; ? ! / are not pygmentized.
% This macro makes them "active" and they will insert potential linebreaks
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%\parskip\z@skip
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% prompt
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\makeatother
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}
% Prevent overflowing lines due to hard-to-break entities
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% Setup hyperref package
\hypersetup{
breaklinks=true, % so long urls are correctly broken across lines
colorlinks=true,
urlcolor=urlcolor,
linkcolor=linkcolor,
citecolor=citecolor,
}
% Slightly bigger margins than the latex defaults
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\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{2}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{pandas} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{pd}
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{numpy} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{np}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Create a Pandas DataFrame from a NumPy array}
\PY{n}{data} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{array}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{7}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{9}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{df} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{pd}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{DataFrame}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{columns}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{A}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{B}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{C}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Accessing and manipulating data with Pandas}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Original DataFrame:}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{df}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} You can perform operations on DataFrame columns using NumPy functions}
\PY{n}{df}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{D}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{sqrt}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{df}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{A}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Adding a new column \PYZsq{}D\PYZsq{} with square root of \PYZsq{}A\PYZsq{}}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Using NumPy to perform element\PYZhy{}wise operations}
\PY{n}{df}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{E}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{where}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{df}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{B}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]} \PY{o}{\PYZgt{}} \PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{High}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Low}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Adding a new column based on a condition}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Filtering data using NumPy}
\PY{n}{filtered\PYZus{}data} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{df}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{df}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{C}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]} \PY{o}{\PYZgt{}} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{]} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Select rows where \PYZsq{}C\PYZsq{} is greater than 5}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+se}{\PYZbs{}n}\PY{l+s+s2}{Modified DataFrame:}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{df}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+se}{\PYZbs{}n}\PY{l+s+s2}{Filtered DataFrame:}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{filtered\PYZus{}data}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
Original DataFrame:
A B C
0 1 2 3
1 4 5 6
2 7 8 9
Modified DataFrame:
A B C D E
0 1 2 3 1.000000 Low
1 4 5 6 2.000000 High
2 7 8 9 2.645751 High
Filtered DataFrame:
A B C D E
1 4 5 6 2.000000 High
2 7 8 9 2.645751 High
\end{Verbatim}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{3}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Create an empty graph (dictionary)}
\PY{n}{graph} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{\PYZob{}}\PY{p}{\PYZcb{}}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Add nodes to the graph}
\PY{n}{nodes} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{k}{for} \PY{n}{node} \PY{o+ow}{in} \PY{n}{nodes}\PY{p}{:}
\PY{n}{graph}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{node}\PY{p}{]} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Add edges to the graph}
\PY{n}{edges} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{,} \PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{,} \PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{]} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Example edges between nodes}
\PY{k}{for} \PY{n}{edge} \PY{o+ow}{in} \PY{n}{edges}\PY{p}{:}
\PY{n}{node1}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{node2} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{edge}
\PY{n}{graph}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{node1}\PY{p}{]}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{append}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{node2}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{graph}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{node2}\PY{p}{]}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{append}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{node1}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Print the graph}
\PY{k}{for} \PY{n}{node}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{neighbors} \PY{o+ow}{in} \PY{n}{graph}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{items}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{:}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+sa}{f}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Node }\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}}\PY{n}{node}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{ is connected to nodes: }\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}}\PY{n}{neighbors}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
Node 1 is connected to nodes: [2, 3]
Node 2 is connected to nodes: [1, 3]
Node 3 is connected to nodes: [2, 1]
\end{Verbatim}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{2}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{numpy} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{np}
\PY{n}{a}\PY{o}{=}\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{enter number of inputs}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} b=int(input())}
\PY{n}{ls}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,} \PY{o}{\PYZhy{}}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{o}{\PYZhy{}}\PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} for i in range(b):}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} ls.append(int(input()))}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{ls}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} print(ls[::\PYZhy{}1])}
\PY{n}{ls}\PY{o}{=}\PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{array}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{ls}\PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{:}\PY{p}{:}\PY{o}{\PYZhy{}}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,}\PY{n}{dtype}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{f}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{ls}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
enter number of inputs
[1, 2, 3, 4, -5, -6]
[-6. -5. 4. 3. 2. 1.]
\end{Verbatim}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{3}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{n}{ls}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{7}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{9}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{ls}\PY{o}{=}\PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{array}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{ls}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{ls}\PY{o}{=}\PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{reshape}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{ls}\PY{p}{,}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{ls}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]
[7 8 9]]
\end{Verbatim}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{4}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{n}{sha}\PY{o}{=}\PY{n+nb}{list}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n+nb}{map}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n+nb}{int}\PY{p}{,}\PY{n+nb}{input}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{split}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{zero}\PY{o}{=}\PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{zeros}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{sha}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{0}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,}\PY{n}{sha}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{zero}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
1 2 3 4 5 6
\end{Verbatim}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
[[0. 0.]]
\end{Verbatim}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{16}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{n}{a}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{7}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{9}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{10}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{b}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{[}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{7}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+m+mi}{9}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{a}\PY{o}{=}\PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{array}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{a}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{b}\PY{o}{=}\PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{array}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{b}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{a}\PY{o}{+}\PY{n}{b}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{a}\PY{o}{\PYZhy{}}\PY{n}{b}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{a}\PY{o}{*}\PY{n}{b}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{a}\PY{o}{/}\PY{n}{b}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{a}\PY{o}{\PYZpc{}}\PY{k}{b})
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{a}\PY{o}{*}\PY{o}{*}\PY{n}{b}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
[[ 3 5 7]
[ 9 11 13]
[15 17 19]]
[[1 1 1]
[1 1 1]
[1 1 1]]
[[ 2 6 12]
[20 30 42]
[56 72 90]]
[[2. 1.5 1.33333333]
[1.25 1.2 1.16666667]
[1.14285714 1.125 1.11111111]]
[[0 1 1]
[1 1 1]
[1 1 1]]
[[ 2 9 64]
[ 625 7776 117649]
[ 2097152 43046721 1000000000]]
\end{Verbatim}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{17}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{numpy} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{np}
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{matplotlib}\PY{n+nn}{.}\PY{n+nn}{pyplot} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{plt}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Dataset}
\PY{n}{x} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{array}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[} \PY{l+m+mi}{1}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{7}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{8} \PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{y} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{np}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{array}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{5} \PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Plotting the Graph}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{x}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{y}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{SNA LAB X\PYZhy{}Y point currve}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{X}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Y}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{show}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{center}
\adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_6_0.png}
\end{center}
{ \hspace*{\fill} \\}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{30}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{matplotlib}\PY{n+nn}{.}\PY{n+nn}{pyplot} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{plt}
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{pandas} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{pd}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Load the CSV file into a Pandas DataFrame}
\PY{n}{data} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{pd}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{read\PYZus{}csv}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{/Users/hemant/Downloads/fdata \PYZhy{} fdata.csv}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n+nb}{print}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Extract data for plotting}
\PY{n}{date} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Date}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{open\PYZus{}prices} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Open}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{high\PYZus{}prices} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{High}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{low\PYZus{}prices} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Low}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{close\PYZus{}prices} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Close}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Create a line chart with different colors for open, high, low, and close}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{figure}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{12}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{date}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{open\PYZus{}prices}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{blue}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{label}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Open}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{date}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{high\PYZus{}prices}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{green}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{label}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{High}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{date}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{low\PYZus{}prices}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{red}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{label}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Low}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{date}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{close\PYZus{}prices}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{purple}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{label}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Close}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Set labels and title}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Date}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Price}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Alphabet Inc. Stock Prices}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Rotate x\PYZhy{}axis labels for better readability}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xticks}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{rotation}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{45}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Add a legend}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{legend}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Show the plot}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{tight\PYZus{}layout}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{show}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
Date Open High Low Close
0 10/3/2016 774.25 776.065002 769.50 772.559998
1 10/4/2016 776.03 778.710000 772.89 776.420000
2 10/5/2016 779.30 782.070000 775.65 776.460000
3 10/6/2016 779.00 780.470000 775.53 776.859950
\end{Verbatim}
\begin{center}
\adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_7_1.png}
\end{center}
{ \hspace*{\fill} \\}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{31}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{matplotlib}\PY{n+nn}{.}\PY{n+nn}{pyplot} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{plt}
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{pandas} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{pd}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Load the CSV file into a Pandas DataFrame}
\PY{n}{data} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{pd}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{read\PYZus{}csv}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{/Users/hemant/Downloads/fdata \PYZhy{} fdata.csv}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Extract data for plotting}
\PY{n}{date} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Date}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{open\PYZus{}prices} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Open}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{high\PYZus{}prices} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{High}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{low\PYZus{}prices} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Low}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{close\PYZus{}prices} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Close}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Create a bar chart with different colors for open, high, low, and close}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{figure}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{12}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{bar\PYZus{}width} \PY{o}{=} \PY{l+m+mf}{0.2}
\PY{n}{index} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n+nb}{range}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n+nb}{len}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{date}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{barh}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{index}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{open\PYZus{}prices}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{bar\PYZus{}width}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{blue}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{label}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Open}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{barh}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{i} \PY{o}{+} \PY{n}{bar\PYZus{}width} \PY{k}{for} \PY{n}{i} \PY{o+ow}{in} \PY{n}{index}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{high\PYZus{}prices}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{bar\PYZus{}width}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{green}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{label}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{High}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{barh}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{i} \PY{o}{+} \PY{l+m+mi}{2} \PY{o}{*} \PY{n}{bar\PYZus{}width} \PY{k}{for} \PY{n}{i} \PY{o+ow}{in} \PY{n}{index}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{low\PYZus{}prices}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{bar\PYZus{}width}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{red}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{label}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Low}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{barh}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{i} \PY{o}{+} \PY{l+m+mi}{3} \PY{o}{*} \PY{n}{bar\PYZus{}width} \PY{k}{for} \PY{n}{i} \PY{o+ow}{in} \PY{n}{index}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{close\PYZus{}prices}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{bar\PYZus{}width}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{purple}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{label}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Close}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Set labels and title}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Date}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Price}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Alphabet Inc. Stock Prices}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Add a legend}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{legend}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Show the plot}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{yticks}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{[}\PY{n}{i} \PY{o}{+} \PY{l+m+mf}{1.5} \PY{o}{*} \PY{n}{bar\PYZus{}width} \PY{k}{for} \PY{n}{i} \PY{o+ow}{in} \PY{n}{index}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{date}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{tight\PYZus{}layout}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{show}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{center}
\adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_8_0.png}
\end{center}
{ \hspace*{\fill} \\}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{32}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{matplotlib}\PY{n+nn}{.}\PY{n+nn}{pyplot} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{plt}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Sample data}
\PY{n}{languages} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Java}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Python}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{PHP}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{JavaScript}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{C\PYZsh{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{C++}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{popularity} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mf}{22.2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mf}{17.6}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mf}{8.8}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mf}{7.7}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mf}{6.7}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Create a horizontal bar chart}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{figure}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{10}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{barh}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{languages}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{popularity}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{skyblue}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Set labels and title}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Popularity (}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZpc{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{)}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Programming Languages}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Popularity of Programming Languages}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Add values next to the bars}
\PY{k}{for} \PY{n}{i}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{val} \PY{o+ow}{in} \PY{n+nb}{enumerate}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{popularity}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{:}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{text}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{val} \PY{o}{+} \PY{l+m+mf}{0.5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{i}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+sa}{f}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZob{}}\PY{n}{val}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZcb{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZpc{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{va}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{center}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{black}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{fontweight}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{bold}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Show the plot}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{tight\PYZus{}layout}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{show}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{center}
\adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_9_0.png}
\end{center}
{ \hspace*{\fill} \\}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{33}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{matplotlib}\PY{n+nn}{.}\PY{n+nn}{pyplot} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{plt}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Sample data}
\PY{n}{languages} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Java}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{Python}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{PHP}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{JavaScript}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{C\PYZsh{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{l+s+s2}{C++}\PY{l+s+s2}{\PYZdq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{popularity} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mf}{22.2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mf}{17.6}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mf}{8.8}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mf}{7.7}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mf}{6.7}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Define colors for each bar}
\PY{n}{colors} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{blue}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{green}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{red}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{purple}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{orange}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{cyan}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Create a bar chart}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{figure}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{10}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{bar}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{languages}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{popularity}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{color}\PY{o}{=}\PY{n}{colors}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Set labels and title}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Programming Languages}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Popularity (}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZpc{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{)}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Popularity of Programming Languages}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Show the plot}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{tight\PYZus{}layout}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{show}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{center}
\adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_10_0.png}
\end{center}
{ \hspace*{\fill} \\}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{34}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{matplotlib}\PY{n+nn}{.}\PY{n+nn}{pyplot} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{plt}
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{pandas} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{pd}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Sample DataFrame}
\PY{n}{data} \PY{o}{=} \PY{p}{\PYZob{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{a}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{:} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{10}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,}
\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{b}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{:} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,}
\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{c}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{:} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{7}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,}
\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{d}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{:} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{7}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{4}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{3}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{,}
\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{e}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{:} \PY{p}{[}\PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{2}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{\PYZcb{}}
\PY{n}{df} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{pd}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{DataFrame}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{data}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Set the index column (optional, use if you want \PYZsq{}a\PYZsq{} as the x\PYZhy{}axis labels)}
\PY{n}{df}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{set\PYZus{}index}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{a}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{inplace}\PY{o}{=}\PY{k+kc}{True}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Create a bar plot}
\PY{n}{df}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{plot}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{kind}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{bar}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{10}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{6}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Set labels and title}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{xlabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{a}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{ylabel}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Value}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Bar Plot from DataFrame}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Show the plot}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{tight\PYZus{}layout}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{show}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{center}
\adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_11_0.png}
\end{center}
{ \hspace*{\fill} \\}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{40}{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{pandas} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{pd}
\PY{k+kn}{import} \PY{n+nn}{matplotlib}\PY{n+nn}{.}\PY{n+nn}{pyplot} \PY{k}{as} \PY{n+nn}{plt}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Read data from the CSV file}
\PY{n}{df} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{pd}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{read\PYZus{}csv}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{/Users/hemant/Downloads/medal \PYZhy{} Sheet1.csv}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Sort the DataFrame by gold medals in descending order and select the top 5 countries}
\PY{n}{df}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{sort\PYZus{}values}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{by}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Medal}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{ascending}\PY{o}{=}\PY{k+kc}{False}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{inplace}\PY{o}{=}\PY{k+kc}{True}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{top\PYZus{}countries} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{df}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{head}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{5}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Extract data for the pie chart}
\PY{n}{countries} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{top\PYZus{}countries}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Country}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{n}{gold\PYZus{}medals} \PY{o}{=} \PY{n}{top\PYZus{}countries}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Medal}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Create a pie chart}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{figure}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{figsize}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+m+mi}{8}\PY{p}{)}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{pie}\PY{p}{(}\PY{n}{gold\PYZus{}medals}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{labels}\PY{o}{=}\PY{n}{countries}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{autopct}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZpc{}1.1f}\PY{l+s+si}{\PYZpc{}\PYZpc{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{startangle}\PY{o}{=}\PY{l+m+mi}{140}\PY{p}{,} \PY{n}{colors}\PY{o}{=}\PY{p}{[}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{gold}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{green}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{silver}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,} \PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{brown}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{,}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{black}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{]}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Set title}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{title}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{Gold Medal Achievements \PYZhy{} Top 5 Countries (2016 Summer Olympics)}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)}
\PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Show the plot}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{axis}\PY{p}{(}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{l+s+s1}{equal}\PY{l+s+s1}{\PYZsq{}}\PY{p}{)} \PY{c+c1}{\PYZsh{} Equal aspect ratio ensures that pie is drawn as a circle.}
\PY{n}{plt}\PY{o}{.}\PY{n}{show}\PY{p}{(}\PY{p}{)}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
\begin{center}
\adjustimage{max size={0.9\linewidth}{0.9\paperheight}}{output_12_0.png}
\end{center}
{ \hspace*{\fill} \\}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable, size=fbox, boxrule=1pt, pad at break*=1mm,colback=cellbackground, colframe=cellborder]
\prompt{In}{incolor}{ }{\boxspacing}
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
\end{Verbatim}
\end{tcolorbox}
% Add a bibliography block to the postdoc
\end{document}